![]() The main result of this research is a theoretical framework of knowledge on Creative Places and its role in the creation of a Collaborative City, from the perspective of Strategic Design and Service Design. The broader idea was to understand which aspects were innovative regarding social, cultural and economic dynamics in order to understand how this can be improved and reproduced through a strategic design approach and service design tools. The analysis was focused, mainly, in the interrelations between the actors involved (between local authorities and Creative Places and between all members of Creative Places), in an attempt to understand collaborative and social services generated by those interrelations, and in the cultural and entrepreneurial dynamics developed in those places. Social initiatives, which play a major role in offsetting the emerging flaws in the traditional nation-state’s welfare system. ![]() Knowledge based enterprises, which support a knowledge-based economy and have a key role in the attraction and retention of talent, fundamental for countries and cities competitiveness alike. Culture, seen as one of the engines that propels economic growth, a more universal worldview and the democratic involvement of citizens. The evaluation of the case studies was carried out taking into consideration the interactions between three main areas of activity. This search resulted in the finding of emerging phenomena, such as Creative Places that, almost paradoxically, seem to show that it is in cities that alternative counter- movements or countertrends are flourishing. Against this backdrop it was key to search for emerging and promising signals that could point to alternative development pathways, mainly using a case studies methodology. Concurrently, contemporary cities, specially big metropolises, are the arena where both the virtues and problems linked with that unsustainable model are most visible. Observing the problems arising from a production-consumption system, prevalent since the second half of the XXth century, as well as its consequences at various levels – environmental, economic, cultural and social -, it becomes evident that the current economic model, in its present form, is an unsustainable one. Finally, the categorisation presented in this paper must enable a better understanding of the transformative capacity of these different types of city makers, necessary for flourishing and sustainable communities. Design and systems thinking could contribute valuable methods and perspectives to the development of these participatory and systemic approaches. However, these participatory approaches and the networks between them still need to be developed, while improving conditions and dynamics that can enable and enhance innovation in urban environments. Therefore, we characterise the different identified types as potential 'participatory' city makers. Generally, these types of city makers bring value to cities, but we conclude that this value could be enriched through more participatory approaches that stimulate crossovers and accelerate the transition towards sustainable futures. In this paper, the particularities of these types of groups are characterised and categorised into ten different types of city makers. Today, citizens, professionals, civil servants, social enterprises, and others form different types of coalitions to overcome the challenges facing our modern cities. ![]() We concluded that European design policy is located at a point of intergenerational transition from awareness raising to capacity building, which calls for more coordinated policies to tackle current opportunities and challenges. Based on multiple case studies on the SWOT (i.e., Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of 50 European design innovation initiatives, we summarised eight dimensions of SWOT factors-organisation, production, performance, knowledge, environment, market, technology and institution-so as to identify main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that practitioners are facing, and discussed common and specific factors that might influence the identification of SWOT forces by taking into account country and sector factors. We firstly discussed the enabling role of design in the context of design as input, output and process of innovation with emphasis on design-enabled innovation conception then European design policies are reviewed in terms of characteristics, priorities and strategies at EU, national and regional levels. Our study aims to explore potential opportunities and challenges of design policies for design-enabled innovation from a bottom-up perspective. Existing literature on design policy usually adopts a top-down perspective to analyse the components of the design innovation system and ignores the practical needs of practitioners. Design policy for innovation and prosperity has been acknowledged and adopted globally.
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